Five years ago, surgeons performed almost all breast reconstruction with the implants placed under the pectoral muscle (right image). This is called sub-pectoral placement. Due to poor skin quality, surgeons usually could not place the implants on top of the muscle, called pre-pectoral placement (left image). As a result, sub-pectoral implant placement has been the gold standard for implant-based breast reconstruction for over 5 decades.
However, the significant disadvantages of sub-pectoral breast reconstruction procedures are animation deformity, tightness, functional limitations on the shoulder, and problems with implanted distortion.